Cataracts (Chinese version)
What is cataract？
白内障是什么？
- Cataract is a clouding of the lens in the eye that affects vision. A cataract can occur in either or both eyes. It cannot spread from one eye to the other.
- 白内障是指眼睛内的晶状体发生混浊并因此影响视力。白内障可以发生于单眼或双眼，但不会由一只眼蔓延到另一只眼。
- The eye is like a camera. The lens is a clear part of the eye that helps to focus light, or an image, on the retina. The retina is like film in a camera. It is the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye.
- 眼睛好比是一架照相机。晶状体是眼内一个透明的部分，用来将光线和影像聚焦于视网膜；视网膜是位于眼球后部的感光组织，就像是照相机中的底片。
Who is at risk of getting cataracts?
谁会有罹患白内障的风险？
- Most cataracts are related to aging. Cataracts are very common in older people. By age 80, more than half of all people either have a cataract or have had cataract surgery.
- 大部分白内障与年龄相关，白内障在老年人中非常普遍。到了80岁，有超过一半以上的正常老人患有白内障或已经接受了白内障手术。
What causes cataracts?
白内障的病因是什么？
- Aging changes in the protein of the lens
- 晶状体中蛋白质发生老龄性改变
- Family history
- 家族史
- Environmental factors such as exposure to sunlight
- 环境性因素，例如暴露在日光下
- Certain diseases such as diabetes
- 某些疾病，例如糖尿病
- Certain personal behaviours such as smoking
- 某些个人行为，例如吸烟
- Certain medications
- 某些药物
- Eye injury
- 眼部外伤
How does it affect your vision? What symptoms should you look for?
白内障是如何影响视力的？患者会发现哪些症状？
- Cataract can cause
- 白内障会引起
- A general clouding on the vision like looking through a dirty car windshield.
- 视力的普遍下降，看东西好像透过一片脏的汽车挡风玻璃。
- Glare and haloes, especially under bright light
- 眩光或光晕，尤其在强光照射下
- In inability to distinguish colours
- 辨色障碍
- Difficulty seeing at night
- 夜间视物困难
- It is painless
- 白内障是无痛性的
- As cataract progress, it can lead to rapid changes in glasses prescription
- 随着白内障的进展，可以导致频繁的更换眼镜处方。
How is it diagnosed?
如何诊断白内障？
- Cataracts are diagnosed through a comprehensive eye exam by an eye care professional (ophthalmologist or optometrist)
- 白内障需要由眼科保健专业人士（眼科医生或验光师）进行全面的眼科检查确诊。
How is it treated?
白内障该如何治疗？
- The symptoms of early cataract may be improved with new eyeglasses, brighter lighting, anti-glare sunglasses, or magnifying lenses.
- 早期白内障的症状可以通过更换新眼镜，提高照明度，佩戴抗眩光眼镜或放大镜得以改善。
- If these measures do not help, surgery is the only effective treatment.
- 如果以上方法没有帮助，手术是唯一有效的治疗手段。
- Cataract surgery is among the most highly perfected, safe and successful procedures in medicine. More than 95% of patients have improved vision after surgery. Surgery involves removing the cloudy lens and replacing it with an artificial lens.
- 白内障手术是最完美，安全，有效的医学手术之一。超过95%的病人视力在手术后得以提高。手术过程包括摘除混浊的晶状体和植入人工晶状体。
When is a cataract ready for
surgery?
什么时候的白内障需要手术治疗？
- Surgery is indicated when vision loss interferes with your everyday activities, such as driving, reading, or watching TV.
- 当白内障引起的视力障碍影响到患者的日常生活，例如驾车、阅读、看电视等，就应该考虑手术治疗。
- Sometimes a cataract should be removed even if it does not cause problems with your vision. For example, a cataract should be removed if it prevents examination or treatment of another eye problem, such as age-related macular degeneration or diabetic retinopathy.
- 有时尽管白内障并没有引起视力障碍也需要考虑摘除。比如，当白内障影响了对其他眼科疾病的检查和治疗时，像老年性黄斑变性或糖尿病性视网膜病变，也应该予以摘除。
How can we prevent cataract?
我们如何才能防止白内障？
- Wear sunglasses and hat to block out UV light
- 佩戴太阳镜和凉帽阻挡紫外线
- If you smoke, stop smoking
- 吸烟者请戒烟
- Good nutrition including foods high in antioxidants such as green leafy vegetables and fruits
- 优良的营养，包含有高抗氧化剂的食物，例如绿叶蔬菜和水果。
How often should you go for eye exam?
多久应该进行一次眼科检查？
- Everyone over the age 65 should have their eye examined annually and this is covered by OHIP
- 65岁以上老人应该每年进行一次眼科检查，这是由OHIP保险涵盖的。
- Those under 65 should also have their eyes examined every 1 to 2 years
- 65岁以下人群应该每1-2年进行一次眼科检查。
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